{"id":1980,"date":"2021-05-17T14:41:40","date_gmt":"2021-05-17T14:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/newsite.a-raege-az.pt\/?page_id=1980"},"modified":"2025-07-28T10:11:40","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T10:11:40","slug":"equipments-sma","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/en\/equipments-sma\/","title":{"rendered":"Equipamentos SMA"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1980\" class=\"elementor elementor-1980\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c5de3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c5de3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-99f89cb\" data-id=\"99f89cb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d64bb0d elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d64bb0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Equipments <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-32dedf2 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"32dedf2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5aa676c elementor-hidden-phone elementor-hidden-tablet\" data-id=\"5aa676c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca5451f elementor-widget elementor-widget-sidebar\" data-id=\"ca5451f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"sidebar.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<aside id=\"nav_menu-5\" class=\"widget widget_nav_menu\"><\/aside>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e480ab1\" data-id=\"e480ab1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-929209d elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"929209d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-241034b\" data-id=\"241034b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-451e1be elementor-absolute elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"451e1be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"rt\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8c0b33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8c0b33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Radio Telescope<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a863b02 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a863b02\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e082ef6\" data-id=\"e082ef6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6e242 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6e242\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The RAEGE radio telescope of Santa Maria is an azimuth\/elevation turning head telescope, reaching azimuth and elevation slew speeds of <strong>12\u00b0\/s and 6\u00b0\/s<\/strong>, respectively. The optical design is based on a \u00a0<b>13.2 m ring-focus reflector<\/b>.<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">The radiotelescope is mounted on a concrete tower, which consists of two levels: the ground floor level is for electrical cabinets, and the first level accommodates the azimuth cable wrapper. The telescope is fully steerable: there is an azimuth axis to rotate the antenna structure along the vertical axis and an elevation axis to rotate the reflector along the horizontal axis. Furthermore, a <strong>hexapod system<\/strong> positions the <strong>sub-reflector<\/strong>. The antenna is equipped with two computer control systems, one for the main reflector <strong>(ACU)<\/strong> and one for the hexapod <strong>(HCU)<\/strong>.<\/p><p>The main figures of the radio telescope are:<\/p><ul><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Azimuth range:<\/strong> 540\u00b0 approximately<\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Elevation range:<\/strong> 0-100\u00ba<\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Main reflector diameter:<\/strong> 13.2 m<\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Subreflector diameter:<\/strong> 1.55 m<\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Distance of main reflector vertex from elevation axis:<\/strong> 3.270 m<\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Max. Azimuth slewing speed:<\/strong> 12\u00b0\/s<\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Max. Elevation slewing speed:<\/strong> 6\u00b0\/s<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"translation-block\">The optical configuration of the radio telescope is <strong>ring-focus<\/strong>, which provides a high-efficiency antenna with no reflection back to the feed and no blockage of the sub-reflector.<\/p><p>For geodetic telescopes, it is essential to measure accurately the position of the intersection of the azimuth and elevation axes. Therefore, the concrete pillar installed at the centre of the telescope tower allows the installation of a measurement system to be located at the intersection of axes and visible from the outside through openings. This system monitors structural deformations of the concrete tower.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b14c5d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b14c5d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">VGOS Broadband Receiver<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e81a667 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e81a667\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The VGOS broadband receiver covers the full 2-14 GHz frequency band. It is a cryogenic receiver cooled using a closed loop helium gas cooling system, which attains 8\u00baK in the cold stage. The front-end consists of a dewar with a dual linear polarization <strong>quadruple-ridged flared horn feed<\/strong> (QRFH), directional couplers for <strong>noisecal<\/strong> and <strong>phasecal<\/strong> injection and two <strong>ultra-low noise hybrid amplifiers developed at Yebes laboratories<\/strong>. The RF output signals from the dewar are sent to RF-over-fiber transmitters, allowing signal transportation through single-mode fiber back-ends room. In this place, the optical receivers are installed together with a RF distribution module and 4 up\/down converters. These converters are fed by the outputs of the distribution module. They allow the selection of <strong>4 dual polarization sub-bands in the range 2-14 GHz<\/strong> and its conversion to base-band to feed the VLBI back-ends that digitize the signal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f63fe09\" data-id=\"f63fe09\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-039b4d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"039b4d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/radiotelescopio-768x768.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-2149\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/radiotelescopio-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/radiotelescopio-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/radiotelescopio-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/radiotelescopio-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/radiotelescopio.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 1: Radio telescope RAEGE of Santa Maria \"Colombo\".<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e74376a elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e74376a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64bfb35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"64bfb35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"492\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-1-1024x656-1-768x492.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-7008\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-1-1024x656-1-768x492.png 768w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-1-1024x656-1-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-1-1024x656-1-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-1-1024x656-1-24x15.png 24w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-1-1024x656-1-36x23.png 36w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-1-1024x656-1-48x31.png 48w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-1-1024x656-1.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 2: VGOS receiver dewar.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3aba07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a3aba07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"566\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-2-1024x755-1-768x566.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-7009\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-2-1024x755-1-768x566.jpg 768w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-2-1024x755-1-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-2-1024x755-1-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-2-1024x755-1-24x18.jpg 24w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-2-1024x755-1-36x27.jpg 36w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-2-1024x755-1-48x35.jpg 48w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-2-1024x755-1.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 3: VGOS broadband receiver.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fe3d2d elementor-absolute elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"9fe3d2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"sism\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-732995d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"732995d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Seismograph<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b7185eb elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b7185eb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1e59e0\" data-id=\"c1e59e0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77f5ac0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77f5ac0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The RAEGE Station of Santa Maria has a three-component <strong>Trillium 120P\/PA<\/strong> seismograph. This is a very broadband, low-noise seismograph suitable for both portable and fixed applications.<\/p><p>This seismograph has been in operation since 2019, forming part of the Network of Seismic Stations of the National Geographic Institute of Spain (IGN), and sharing real-time data with the Azores Seismovolcanic Information and Surveillance Center (CIVISA).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-25bf7b2\" data-id=\"25bf7b2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a81d6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2a81d6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"433\" height=\"577\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/20210622_143335-removebg-preview.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-3206\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/20210622_143335-removebg-preview.png 433w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/20210622_143335-removebg-preview-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/20210622_143335-removebg-preview-18x24.png 18w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/20210622_143335-removebg-preview-27x36.png 27w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/20210622_143335-removebg-preview-36x48.png 36w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 4: Seismograph.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47eefa9 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"47eefa9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"gravi\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a7a4c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a7a4c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gravimeter<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-bfb8bd0 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bfb8bd0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-befffef\" data-id=\"befffef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8731b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8731b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The gravimeter is an extremely <strong>sensitive piece of equipment<\/strong> and for that reason it is in a separate room of the building, resting on a <strong>concrete pillar about 8 m deep<\/strong> for contact with the <strong>bedrock<\/strong>. This room is always temperature and humidity controlled.<\/p><p>At the RAEGE Santa Maria Station, one type of gravimeter is currently installed:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5648122 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5648122\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c6c7b5\" data-id=\"0c6c7b5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80e096b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"80e096b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Superconducting Gravimeter (SG):<br><\/strong><br>\nIn October 2022, a <strong>iGrav-051<\/strong> from <strong>GWR Instruments<\/strong> was successfully installed at the station. The iGrav is a superconducting gravimeter that employs a superconducting sphere as its test mass, subjected to a stable magnetic field produced by superconducting coils, cooled using a closed loop helium gas cooling system, in which the test mass is levitated. The iGrav can provide and accuracy of <strong>1 nGal in frequency domain<\/strong> and <strong>0.05 \u00b5Gal in time domain<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2fc4823\" data-id=\"2fc4823\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bbc8f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8bbc8f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/RAEGE-Superconductive-gravimeter-225x300-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-7023\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/RAEGE-Superconductive-gravimeter-225x300-1.jpg 225w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/RAEGE-Superconductive-gravimeter-225x300-1-9x12.jpg 9w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/RAEGE-Superconductive-gravimeter-225x300-1-18x24.jpg 18w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/RAEGE-Superconductive-gravimeter-225x300-1-27x36.jpg 27w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/RAEGE-Superconductive-gravimeter-225x300-1-36x48.jpg 36w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 5: Superconducting Gravimeter.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0563bc4 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0563bc4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-27f8cb2\" data-id=\"27f8cb2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aad551 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"5aad551\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"acel\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91c2a61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"91c2a61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-size: 2rem;font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight )\">Accelerometer<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-96f6297 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96f6297\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e68387c\" data-id=\"e68387c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58a3f65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58a3f65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">IGN has developed low-cost accelerometers known as <strong>SILEX<\/strong>, based on MEMS technology (Micro-ElectroMechanical System) to detect and record <strong>earthquakes<\/strong> with magnitudes that are perceptible to humans. A network of these equipment is implemented in areas of <strong>high seismic risk<\/strong>, such as the island of Santa Maria. This equipment measures the acceleration of the ground by recording strong movements that occur, for example, <strong>near tectonic faults<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f4b01e9\" data-id=\"f4b01e9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-477711d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"477711d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/acelerometro_1-768x768.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-2144\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/acelerometro_1-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/acelerometro_1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/acelerometro_1-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/acelerometro_1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/acelerometro_1.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 6: SILEX accelerometer.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12279c5 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"12279c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"maser\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e4414c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1e4414c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-size: 2rem;font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight )\">Hydrogen Maser<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-513c66c elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"513c66c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a46ff5d\" data-id=\"a46ff5d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f681c00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f681c00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">A space geodetic station requires at least one <strong>active hydrogen maser <\/strong>(atomic clock) which is used to generate a <strong>frequency reference<\/strong> for the station\u2019s equipment. This type of atomic clocks guarantees high frequency stability, which is measurable and well-known. This is an essential feature in VLBI observations and allows preserving the <strong>coherence time<\/strong> at high signal frequencies. In VLBI observations, the reference signal generated by the maser, among other things, is injected into the signal captured from astronomical sources in order to generate a time stamp \u2013 the phase calibration tones (phasecal), which are later used as a basis for the correlation of VLBI data gathered by the different stations. VLBI observations would not be possible without a hydrogen maser.<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">At the RAEGE Station of Santa Maria is installed a \u00a0<strong>iMaser\u00a0<\/strong> from T4Science. The maser is in an isolated room of the building with controlled temperature and monitored pressure and humidity.<\/p><p>As VLBI is an unconnected interferometry technique (several stations are dispersed across multiple locations around the world), it requires the <strong>highest possible precision and stability in frequency patterns<\/strong> to maintain coherence between two remote stations over a long integration period.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8e718bb\" data-id=\"8e718bb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca83416 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ca83416\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/maser-768x768.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-2148\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/maser-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/maser-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/maser-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/maser-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/maser.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 7: Hydrogen maser.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95882a9 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"95882a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"gnss\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f978d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f978d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">GNSS<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9164b58 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9164b58\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1eb70da\" data-id=\"1eb70da\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f87ab0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0f87ab0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The RAEGE station of Santa Maria has <strong>two permanent GNSS stations<\/strong>, integrated into the <strong>IGS<\/strong> (International GNSS Service), <strong>EUREF<\/strong>, and <strong>REPRAA<\/strong> (Azores Regional Network of Permanent Stations).<\/p><p>The stations is equipped with the following stations:<\/p><ul><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>AZSM00PRT<\/strong> GNSS station: Leica GRX1200GG Pro receiver and a LEIAT504 LEIS antenna<\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>RAEG00PRT<\/strong> GNSS station: part of the IGS network, Leica GR50 receiver and LEIAR20 antenna<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"translation-block\">GNSS receivers <strong>detect, decode, and process signals<\/strong> from GNSS satellites (GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, etc.) which enable the <strong>location and displacement velocities of the antennas<\/strong> to be determined with varying degrees of accuracy.<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">The stations are equipped with multi-frequency geodetic receivers, capable of receiving multiple <strong>satellite constellations<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b5d933\" data-id=\"8b5d933\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ec7bf3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1ec7bf3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gnss-768x768.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-2146\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gnss-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gnss-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gnss-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gnss-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gnss.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 8: AZSM GNSS Station.  \/  Fig. 9: RAEG GNSS Station.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a180dc elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"3a180dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"localt\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6de44c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6de44c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Local-Tie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f804bfc elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f804bfc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9764a8\" data-id=\"c9764a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2745d82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2745d82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The six-pillar infrastructure that makes up the local-tie network at the RAEGE Station of Santa Maria allows referencing the positions of the VGOS 13.2 m radio telescope, and the positions of the antennas of the existing GNSS permanent stations: AZSM and RAEG.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-be7284a\" data-id=\"be7284a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adb99a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"adb99a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"565\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/localtie-768x565.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-7086\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/localtie-768x565.png 768w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/localtie-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/localtie-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/localtie-24x18.png 24w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/localtie-36x26.png 36w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/localtie-48x35.png 48w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/localtie.png 886w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 10: Local-tie network of the RAEGE Station of Santa Maria.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e349e83 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"e349e83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"meteo\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afcf396 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"afcf396\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Weather Station<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5467b1b elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5467b1b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f7f593\" data-id=\"1f7f593\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4b9135 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4b9135\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0cbe29\" data-id=\"b0cbe29\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac885bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ac885bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The <strong>Vaisala WXT536<\/strong> weather sensor installed at the RAEGE Station of Santa Maria belongs to a series of instruments that provide six of the most important meteorological parameters for a space geodesy station: <strong>atmospheric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed<\/strong> and <strong>direction<\/strong>. These parameters are fundamental to complement VLBI observations and atmospheric models, since changes in these data affect signal reception by the radio telescope (introduce a temporal delay).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3454b25\" data-id=\"3454b25\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-876d463 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"876d463\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/estacao_metereologica-768x768.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-2145\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/estacao_metereologica-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/estacao_metereologica-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/estacao_metereologica-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/estacao_metereologica-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/estacao_metereologica.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 11: Weather station.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-117233b elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"117233b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e25e79\" data-id=\"2e25e79\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f445b28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f445b28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Radio Telescope<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6da9b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c6da9b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The RAEGE radio telescope of Santa Maria is an azimuth\/elevation turning head telescope, reaching azimuth and elevation slew speeds of <strong>12\u00b0\/s and 6\u00b0\/s<\/strong>, respectively. The optical design is based on a \u00a0<b>13.2 m ring-focus reflector<\/b>.<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">The radiotelescope is mounted on a concrete tower, which consists of two levels: the ground floor level is for electrical cabinets, and the first level accommodates the azimuth cable wrapper. The telescope is fully steerable: there is an azimuth axis to rotate the antenna structure along the vertical axis and an elevation axis to rotate the reflector along the horizontal axis. Furthermore, a <strong>hexapod system<\/strong> positions the <strong>sub-reflector<\/strong>. The antenna is equipped with two computer control systems, one for the main reflector <strong>(ACU)<\/strong> and one for the hexapod <strong>(HCU)<\/strong>.<\/p><p>The main figures of the radio telescope are:<\/p><ul><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Azimuth range:<\/strong> 540\u00b0 approximately<\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Elevation range:<\/strong> 0-100\u00ba<\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Main reflector diameter:<\/strong> 13.2 m<\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Subreflector diameter:<\/strong> 1.55 m<\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Distance of main reflector vertex from elevation axis:<\/strong> 3.270 m<\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Max. Azimuth slewing speed:<\/strong> 12\u00b0\/s<\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Max. Elevation slewing speed:<\/strong> 6\u00b0\/s<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"translation-block\">The optical configuration of the radio telescope is <strong>ring-focus<\/strong>, which provides a high-efficiency antenna with no reflection back to the feed and no blockage of the sub-reflector.<\/p><p>For geodetic telescopes, it is essential to measure accurately the position of the intersection of the azimuth and elevation axes. Therefore, the concrete pillar installed at the centre of the telescope tower allows the installation of a measurement system to be located at the intersection of axes and visible from the outside through openings. This system monitors structural deformations of the concrete tower.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66b1925 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"66b1925\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">VGOS Broadband Receiver<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89fc4ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"89fc4ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The VGOS broadband receiver covers the full 2-14 GHz frequency band. It is a cryogenic receiver cooled using a closed loop helium gas cooling system, which attains 8\u00baK in the cold stage. The front-end consists of a dewar with a dual linear polarization <strong>quadruple-ridged flared horn feed<\/strong> (QRFH), directional couplers for <strong>noisecal<\/strong> and <strong>phasecal<\/strong> injection and two <strong>ultra-low noise hybrid amplifiers developed at Yebes laboratories<\/strong>. The RF output signals from the dewar are sent to RF-over-fiber transmitters, allowing signal transportation through single-mode fiber back-ends room. In this place, the optical receivers are installed together with a RF distribution module and 4 up\/down converters. These converters are fed by the outputs of the distribution module. They allow the selection of <strong>4 dual polarization sub-bands in the range 2-14 GHz<\/strong> and its conversion to base-band to feed the VLBI back-ends that digitize the signal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0e1e64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b0e1e64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/radiotelescopio-768x768.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-2149\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/radiotelescopio-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/radiotelescopio-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/radiotelescopio-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/radiotelescopio-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/radiotelescopio.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 1: Radio telescope RAEGE of Santa Maria \"Colombo\".<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f610c8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f610c8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"492\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-1-1024x656-1-768x492.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-7008\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-1-1024x656-1-768x492.png 768w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-1-1024x656-1-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-1-1024x656-1-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-1-1024x656-1-24x15.png 24w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-1-1024x656-1-36x23.png 36w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-1-1024x656-1-48x31.png 48w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-1-1024x656-1.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 2: VGOS receiver dewar.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-630d8cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"630d8cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"566\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-2-1024x755-1-768x566.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-7009\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-2-1024x755-1-768x566.jpg 768w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-2-1024x755-1-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-2-1024x755-1-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-2-1024x755-1-24x18.jpg 24w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-2-1024x755-1-36x27.jpg 36w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-2-1024x755-1-48x35.jpg 48w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Recetor-VGOS-2-1024x755-1.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 3: VGOS broadband receiver.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c07111b elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c07111b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8d7f74b\" data-id=\"8d7f74b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b42e5a elementor-absolute elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"3b42e5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"rt\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47072f6 elementor-absolute elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"47072f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"sism\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a67e30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0a67e30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Seismograph<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-16edd8d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16edd8d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0765325\" data-id=\"0765325\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d5e31e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d5e31e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The RAEGE Station of Santa Maria has a three-component <strong>Trillium 120P\/PA<\/strong> seismograph. This is a very broadband, low-noise seismograph suitable for both portable and fixed applications.<\/p><p>This seismograph has been in operation since 2019, forming part of the Network of Seismic Stations of the National Geographic Institute of Spain (IGN), and sharing real-time data with the Azores Seismovolcanic Information and Surveillance Center (CIVISA).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7afc03a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7afc03a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"433\" height=\"577\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/20210622_143335-removebg-preview.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-3206\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/20210622_143335-removebg-preview.png 433w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/20210622_143335-removebg-preview-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/20210622_143335-removebg-preview-18x24.png 18w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/20210622_143335-removebg-preview-27x36.png 27w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/20210622_143335-removebg-preview-36x48.png 36w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 4: Seismograph.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13b4607 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"13b4607\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"gravi\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6320e1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6320e1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gravimeter<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-56e64a4 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"56e64a4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e917a3\" data-id=\"2e917a3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-587ea70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"587ea70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The gravimeter is an extremely <strong>sensitive piece of equipment<\/strong> and for that reason it is in a separate room of the building, resting on a <strong>concrete pillar about 8 m deep<\/strong> for contact with the <strong>bedrock<\/strong>. This room is always temperature and humidity controlled.<\/p><p>At the RAEGE Santa Maria Station, one type of gravimeter is currently installed:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6371b1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6371b1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Superconducting Gravimeter (SG):<br><\/strong><br>\nIn October 2022, a <strong>iGrav-051<\/strong> from <strong>GWR Instruments<\/strong> was successfully installed at the station. The iGrav is a superconducting gravimeter that employs a superconducting sphere as its test mass, subjected to a stable magnetic field produced by superconducting coils, cooled using a closed loop helium gas cooling system, in which the test mass is levitated. The iGrav can provide and accuracy of <strong>1 nGal in frequency domain<\/strong> and <strong>0.05 \u00b5Gal in time domain<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1c931b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d1c931b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/RAEGE-Superconductive-gravimeter-225x300-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-7023\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/RAEGE-Superconductive-gravimeter-225x300-1.jpg 225w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/RAEGE-Superconductive-gravimeter-225x300-1-9x12.jpg 9w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/RAEGE-Superconductive-gravimeter-225x300-1-18x24.jpg 18w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/RAEGE-Superconductive-gravimeter-225x300-1-27x36.jpg 27w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/RAEGE-Superconductive-gravimeter-225x300-1-36x48.jpg 36w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 5: Superconducting Gravimeter.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-432821f elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"432821f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-05eaba0\" data-id=\"05eaba0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d73c99 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"8d73c99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"acel\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0ee827 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b0ee827\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-size: 2rem;font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight )\">Accelerometer<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7e8e408 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7e8e408\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-092cbb8\" data-id=\"092cbb8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff873c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff873c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">IGN has developed low-cost accelerometers known as <strong>SILEX<\/strong>, based on MEMS technology (Micro-ElectroMechanical System) to detect and record <strong>earthquakes<\/strong> with magnitudes that are perceptible to humans. A network of these equipment is implemented in areas of <strong>high seismic risk<\/strong>, such as the island of Santa Maria. This equipment measures the acceleration of the ground by recording strong movements that occur, for example, <strong>near tectonic faults<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e93b527 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e93b527\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/acelerometro_1-768x768.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-2144\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/acelerometro_1-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/acelerometro_1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/acelerometro_1-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/acelerometro_1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/acelerometro_1.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 6: SILEX accelerometer.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4789822 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"4789822\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"maser\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1e57da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d1e57da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-size: 2rem;font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight )\">Hydrogen Maser<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-25697b6 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"25697b6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03d625e\" data-id=\"03d625e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-485ab7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"485ab7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">A space geodetic station requires at least one <strong>active hydrogen maser <\/strong>(atomic clock) which is used to generate a <strong>frequency reference<\/strong> for the station\u2019s equipment. This type of atomic clocks guarantees high frequency stability, which is measurable and well-known. This is an essential feature in VLBI observations and allows preserving the <strong>coherence time<\/strong> at high signal frequencies. In VLBI observations, the reference signal generated by the maser, among other things, is injected into the signal captured from astronomical sources in order to generate a time stamp \u2013 the phase calibration tones (phasecal), which are later used as a basis for the correlation of VLBI data gathered by the different stations. VLBI observations would not be possible without a hydrogen maser.<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">At the RAEGE Station of Santa Maria is installed a \u00a0<strong>iMaser\u00a0<\/strong> from T4Science. The maser is in an isolated room of the building with controlled temperature and monitored pressure and humidity.<\/p><p>As VLBI is an unconnected interferometry technique (several stations are dispersed across multiple locations around the world), it requires the <strong>highest possible precision and stability in frequency patterns<\/strong> to maintain coherence between two remote stations over a long integration period.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-082d027 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"082d027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/maser-768x768.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-2148\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/maser-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/maser-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/maser-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/maser-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/maser.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 7: Hydrogen maser.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54dc922 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"54dc922\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"gnss\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-168a7f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"168a7f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">GNSS<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-fce8df7 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fce8df7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-17e6dff\" data-id=\"17e6dff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9370626 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9370626\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The RAEGE station of Santa Maria has <strong>two permanent GNSS stations<\/strong>, integrated into the <strong>IGS<\/strong> (International GNSS Service), <strong>EUREF<\/strong>, and <strong>REPRAA<\/strong> (Azores Regional Network of Permanent Stations).<\/p><p>The stations is equipped with the following stations:<\/p><ul><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>AZSM00PRT<\/strong> GNSS station: Leica GRX1200GG Pro receiver and a LEIAT504 LEIS antenna<\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>RAEG00PRT<\/strong> GNSS station: part of the IGS network, Leica GR50 receiver and LEIAR20 antenna<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"translation-block\">GNSS receivers <strong>detect, decode, and process signals<\/strong> from GNSS satellites (GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, etc.) which enable the <strong>location and displacement velocities of the antennas<\/strong> to be determined with varying degrees of accuracy.<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">The stations are equipped with multi-frequency geodetic receivers, capable of receiving multiple <strong>satellite constellations<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d6b73b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8d6b73b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gnss-768x768.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-2146\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gnss-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gnss-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gnss-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gnss-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gnss.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 8: AZSM GNSS Station.  \/  Fig. 9: RAEG GNSS Station.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59a4de7 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"59a4de7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"localt\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e345aef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e345aef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Local-Tie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3135aa0 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3135aa0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-93f2012\" data-id=\"93f2012\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78a1db8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78a1db8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The six-pillar infrastructure that makes up the local-tie network at the RAEGE Station of Santa Maria allows referencing the positions of the VGOS 13.2 m radio telescope, and the positions of the antennas of the existing GNSS permanent stations: AZSM and RAEG.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6cb6e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d6cb6e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"565\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/localtie-768x565.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-7086\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/localtie-768x565.png 768w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/localtie-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/localtie-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/localtie-24x18.png 24w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/localtie-36x26.png 36w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/localtie-48x35.png 48w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/localtie.png 886w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 10: Local-tie network of the RAEGE Station of Santa Maria.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a5fe99 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"9a5fe99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"meteo\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e1025e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1e1025e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Weather Station<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-77e0283 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"77e0283\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-886c0af\" data-id=\"886c0af\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-be8f3f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"be8f3f6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9efac59\" data-id=\"9efac59\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a49339f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a49339f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">The <strong>Vaisala WXT536<\/strong> weather sensor installed at the RAEGE Station of Santa Maria belongs to a series of instruments that provide six of the most important meteorological parameters for a space geodesy station: <strong>atmospheric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed<\/strong> and <strong>direction<\/strong>. These parameters are fundamental to complement VLBI observations and atmospheric models, since changes in these data affect signal reception by the radio telescope (introduce a temporal delay).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26b03c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"26b03c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/estacao_metereologica-768x768.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-2145\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/estacao_metereologica-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/estacao_metereologica-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/estacao_metereologica-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/estacao_metereologica-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/estacao_metereologica.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 11: Weather station.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Equipamentos Radiotelesc\u00f3pio O radiotelesc\u00f3pio da Esta\u00e7\u00e3o RAEGE de Santa Maria move-se de forma girat\u00f3ria em torno de dois eixos (azimute e eleva\u00e7\u00e3o), atingindo velocidades de\u00a012\u00ba\/s\u00a0e\u00a06\u00ba\/s, respetivamente. O design do radiotelesc\u00f3pio \u00e9 do tipo\u00a0ring-focus\u00a0com um\u00a0refletor principal parab\u00f3lico de di\u00e2metro 13,2 m.\u00a0 O radiotelesc\u00f3pio foi instalado no topo de uma torre de bet\u00e3o que conta com dois [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1980","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Equipamentos SMA - RAEGE-Az<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/raege-az.pt\/en\/equipments-sma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Equipamentos SMA - RAEGE-Az\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Equipamentos Radiotelesc\u00f3pio O radiotelesc\u00f3pio da Esta\u00e7\u00e3o RAEGE de Santa Maria move-se de forma girat\u00f3ria em torno de dois eixos (azimute e eleva\u00e7\u00e3o), atingindo velocidades de\u00a012\u00ba\/s\u00a0e\u00a06\u00ba\/s, respetivamente. 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